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|battles= Quasi-War First Barbary War War of 1812 |awards= |relations= |laterwork= }} James Lawrence (October 1, 1781 – June 4, 1813) was an American naval officer. During the War of 1812, he commanded in a single-ship action against commanded by Philip Broke). He is probably best known today for his last words or "dying command" "Don't give up the ship!", which is still a popular naval battle cry, and which was invoked by Oliver Hazard Perry's personal battle flag, adopted to commemorate his dead friend.〔(''Famous Navy Quotes: Who Said Them and When''. )〕〔 Dudley, William S., ed. ''The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History. vol.2'' (Washington, DC.: US Government Printing Office, 1992), p. 559.〕 ==Biography== Lawrence was born on October 1, 1781 in Burlington, New Jersey but raised in Woodbury, New Jersey, the son of John and Martha (Tallman) Lawrence. His mother died when he was an infant and his Loyalist father fled to Canada during the American Revolution, leaving his half-sister to care for the infant. Though Lawrence studied law, he entered the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1798. During the Quasi-War with France, he served on and the frigate in the Caribbean. He was commissioned a lieutenant on April 6, 1802 and served aboard in the Mediterranean, taking part in a successful attack on enemy craft on 2 June 1803. In February 1804, he was second in command during the expedition to destroy the captured frigate . Later in the conflict he commanded ''Enterprise'' and a gunboat in battles with the Tripolitans. He was also First Lieutenant of the frigate ''Adams'' and, in 1805, commanded the small ''Gunboat No. 6'' during a voyage across the Atlantic to North Africa. Although Gunboats ''No. 2'' through ''10'' (minus ''No. 7'') arrived in the Mediterranean too late to see action, they remained there with Commodore Rodgers's squadron until summer 1806, at which time they sailed back to the United States. On 12 June 1805 ''Gunboat No. 6'' encountered a Royal Navy vessel that impressed three seamen.〔Smith (1995), pp.95-86.〕〔Tucker (1993), pp. 77-9.〕 Subsequently, Lieutenant Lawrence commanded the warships , and . In 1810, he also took part in trials of an experimental spar torpedo. Promoted to the rank of Master Commandant in November 1810, he took command of the sloop of war a year later and sailed her to Europe on a diplomatic mission. From the beginning of the War of 1812, Lawrence and ''Hornet'' cruised actively, capturing the privateer ''Dolphin'' in July 1812. Later in the year ''Hornet'' blockaded the British sloop at Bahia, Brazil, and on 24 February 1813 captured . Upon his return to the United States in March, Lawrence learned of his promotion to Captain. Two months later he took command of the frigate ''Chesapeake'', then preparing for sea at Boston. He left port on 1 June 1813 and immediately engaged the blockading Royal Navy frigate ''Shannon'' in a fierce battle. Although slightly smaller, the British ship disabled ''Chesapeake'' with gunfire within the first few minutes. Captain Lawrence, mortally wounded by small arms fire, ordered his officers, "Don't give up the ship. Fight her till she sinks." Or "Tell them to fire faster; don't give up the ship."〔 Men carried him below, and his crew was overwhelmed by a British boarding party shortly afterward. James Lawrence died of his wounds on 4 June 1813, while his captors directed ''Chesapeake'' to Halifax, Nova Scotia. After Lawrence's death was reported to his friend and fellow officer Oliver Hazard Perry, he ordered a large blue battle ensign, stitched with the phrase "Dont Give Up The Ship" in bold white letters. The Perry Flag was displayed on his flagship during a victorious engagement against the British on Lake Erie in September 1813. The original flag is displayed in the Naval Academy Museum and a replica is displayed in Memorial Hall at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. A replica is also on view at Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, on South Bass Island, Ohio. 〔 Lawrence was buried with military honors at present-day CFB Halifax, Nova Scotia, but reinterred at Trinity Church Cemetery in New York City. He was survived by his wife, Julia (Montaudevert) Lawrence, who lived until 1865, and their two-year-old daughter, Mary Neill Lawrence. In 1838 Mary married a Navy officer, Lt. William Preston Griffin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Lawrence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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